Lies of History About Ancient Indians - Aryan Migration Theory DNA Analysis - FutureIQ

1,249,607 views Wait, is this logic right? • Jul 13, 2024

Slog Reference: Aryan Migration Theory

Description

Is the Aryan migration theory true or false? The latest DNA study might just have the right answer to this. The study went through the ancestry of different regions, anthropomorphic, historical, archeological, and other evidence to come up with a solid understanding of the history of the Aryan invasion to understand where the Indians came from and when they did. Find out the actual history of Indians and how much Aryan DNA you have depending on which part of India you live in.

Hope you enjoyed FutureIQ by Navin Kabra and Shrikant Joshi. Do hit us up on Twitter:
@ngkabra http://twitter.com/ngkabra
@shrikant https://twitter.com/shrikant

Listen to it on the podcast provider of your choice: https://tapthe.link/FutureIQRSS
Watch other episodes of The FutureIQ podcast: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAppTB0r5_TaYueZ0adD42Wiw5X-wTE4v

Books mentioned in the episode:
White Man's Burden: https://tapthe.link/WhiteMansBurdonBook

More videos for you:
Amazing Indian Constitution Facts: https://youtu.be/_YsTG2Zgeq0
India's overpopulation explained: https://youtu.be/Sjur6Bu30YM
Ancient India was 3000 years ahead: https://youtu.be/O4pL_mmUeVA
Science of Indian languages: https://youtu.be/xASDr0nuIf4
History of Indian food: https://youtu.be/J1ECp8OmsxA

Links for further investigation:
Narsimhan 2019 paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619/
Shinde 2019 paper: https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(19)30967-5.pdf
Silva 2017 paper: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335724/
Moorjani 2013 paper: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335724/
Reich 2009 paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08365
2024 DNA paper: https://www.science.org/content/article/where-did-india-s-people-come-massive-genetic-study-reveals-surprises

/r/AskHistorians thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/lv7y77/is_the_aryan_invasion_in_india_true/
Scroll Article: https://scroll.in/article/936872/two-new-genetic-studies-upheld-aryan-migration-theory-so-why-did-indian-media-report-the-opposite

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:33 Aryan invasion theory
01:35 Popularity of the theory
03:14 Hindu nationalists and Aryan invasion theory
04:38 Archeological evidence
05:25 Genetic evidence
07:17 The research paper
09:44 Who are Indians?
12:18 Pre-Aryan era
15:35 Moving south
16:20 Aryan invasion
17:43 Absence of female Aryan DNA
19:55 DNA & the caste system
22:30 Who are Indians?
24:42 Migration vs invasion

#futureiq #aryans #indianhistory

Related Slog Matches

Aryan Migration Theory

Fuzzy Text

100.00

Transcript

- what are Indians are we descended from Arians who came in from Europe or are we descended from dravidians who were always here in India or are we descended from the Indus Valley Civilization these questions have been very controversial for the last years but in recent times we finally have scientific evidence which allows us to answer these questions with a degree of certainty okay I remember reading in my school textbooks that the Arians came in via the Iber pass and that's about all I can remember so let's start from the beginning of that Arian Theory okay okay in the late 1700s there was a British linguist who came to India so he was amazed at how many words in North Indian

0m 46s languages like Sanskrit Bengali Hindi were similar to words in European languages like greek latin French and also Persian so he came up with the idea that all of these are descendants of a common language called the Proto indoeuropean yeah later in the mid 1800s Max Mueller came up with the theory that there was a group of people in the Caucasus Mountains who spoke this Proto indoeuropean language and they spread this all over some of them migrated to Europe giving rise to the europian languages some went to Persia giving rise to Persian and Iranian languages okay and some came to India giving rise to Sanskrit and modern Indian languages the Caucasus Mountains is where Caucasians are from the white man the

1m 38s white Caucasians right correct and racist Europeans loved this Theory okay the theory is that white men spread out and they were the superior race and they defeated and subjugated the Primitive local races and they ruled the world okay of course because why not The White Man's Burden as we all know not just that tell me why Caucasus Mountains uh no idea honestly because that's where Mount Ararat is Mount Ararat where Noah's Arc landed after 40 days okay so their theory is that the biblical people from Noah's Ark spread out from the Caucasus Mountains and these Caucasians took over the world and their language took over the world so they basically took every possible story that could

2m 33s have been created and mashed it into one single thing that fit into the biblical worldview yeah why not this Theory called the Aran Invasion theory is not taken seriously by anyone in Academia anymore because the evidence is just not there okay there is no evidence that Arians came and invaded there is no evidence that the local people were primitive and would give up easily right the Moen jaro and harapa civilizations were quite Advanced there is no evidence that these guys came and took over and like became rulers okay so if the Arian Invasion theory is not true then what is the theory that explains all of this before we go there let me talk about the

3m 16s reaction of Hindu nationalists to the Arian Invasion Theory okay they hated the idea so much that they went to the Other Extreme obviously according to them Hindus have always been here hm okay because this the land of Ganga is our puni and our pomi okay so the idea that we came from outside just doesn't jel with their worldview okay so their theory is that we are the Arians in India we created Sanskrit the perfect language we created vdas the perfect books and then we took it to the rest of the world 7,000 years ago and that gave rise to Persian and the avestan religion and in Europe that gave rise to Greek and Latin and all the

4m 07s modern European languages and I'm guessing this is not true either this is in fact so untrue that no academics take this seriously at all there is zero evidence for this there is no archaeological evidence showing movement from here outside there is no genetic evidence showing movement of genes outside of India it's less than 2% and there is no linguistic evidence all the evidence actually points towards movement into India okay archaeological evidence as in so for example you see certain kinds of pottery H say 5,000 years ago in India then 4,000 years ago it shows up in Afghanistan okay then 3,000 years ago it shows up in Persia then 2,000 years ago it shows up in

4m 57s Ukraine then 1,000 years ago shows up in Europe right so that would mean that Pottery went from India to Afghanistan to uh Persia to Ukraine right and it's not just Pottery right it's specific Styles it is a way of making pots it's a way of making tools it's a system of using iron whatever right all those things okay so that evidence points the other WEA exactly okay and the genetic evidence you said correct so this is the big thing in the last 15 20 years okay because now with DNA sequencing what we can do is that we can dig up human remains that we find at archaeological websites we can try to pick out DNA from

5m 42s that and sequence them in the lab okay okay for each such person we can pick out 600,000 genetic markers okay okay not just that but for each one of them we can use carbon dating so we know the date also okay okay okay now imagine that there are two lines of DNA one in say Iran and it is showing genetic markers B CDE bcde bcde and like every few hundred years and it is going down like this okay on this side in India you are for similar dates you are seeing pqrs in the Next Generation there is pqrs 100 years later there is pqrs suddenly now you start seeing bcrs BCS okay oh you can clearly

6m 31s see that what has happened is that someone from Persia came to India around this time and then they started mixing here H if it were P qde then we would say that the mixing happened the other way around and I'm not talking about just four or five things like that right we are talking about 600,000 so when there is evidence there is lots of evidence like this got it okay got it now evidence like this there are 100 of papers earlier they used to be the archaeological evidence okay but now at least dozens of papers with genetic evidence showing flow towards India related to India have been published okay we will focus primarily on one

7m 18s paper which is like an awesome paper Okay 2019 paper it has 100 plus co-authors from 18 countries including from Indian colleges okay this paper analyzed DNA from 800 different persons from 19 different locations all over this region dates from 12,000 BC all the way to 1 BC okay okay and 269 distinct dates by carbon dating so 269 different points in time over a period of 12,000 years remember that everything we do here is backed by SCI scientific research and scientific uh data so even when we are giving examples those examples are actually from existing papers and existing research so in this particular case this paper has uh data from a period of 12,000 years there are

8m 16s 269 different points in those 12,000 years that are being considered but those are enough to establish a clear timeline not just that but the findings of this paper agree with all the other re evence the archaeological evidence the linguistic evidence the anthropological evidence and evidence from stories of all the different cultures okay so this looks like a fairly solid bit of research here absolutely what does this paper say h it says that modern Indian DNA has come from three sources of DNA okay the first is ancient hunter gatherers who came out of Africa to India around 65,000 years ago the second wave is of Middle Eastern pre farmers who came around 6,000 to 4,000 BC the third wave was step herders

9m 09s these are from the step grasslands Ukraine kazakistan they came in around 1800 BC okay okay so now let's look at these three waves in detail and what they did to India all right all right so first 65,000 years ago humans from Africa they crossed the Red Sea they crossed Arabia they crossed Persia Afghanistan and then came into India settled all these places correct they continued they went to the andamans they went to Indonesia they went to Australia and some of that still exist you can see that DNA in some Andaman tribes some of the Aboriginal tribes in Australia and so on okay okay so now India is sparsely populated by these Hunter gather mirers okay okay this situation continues for

10m 02s like 60,000 years okay all right now around 9,000 8,000 7,000 BC uhuh in the region which is now Iran okay the Fertile Crescent huh some of the people started to kind of figure out a little bit of cultivation of crops okay they were not full- flesh Farmers they just understood some seeds wheat and barley and wherever they went they would try to grow it sometimes with success sometimes with failure fair enough these people some of them started coming towards India okay and when they reached the Indus Valley they settled there okay okay now the thing is that for a pre farming Society like this life isn't easy when you move the reason is that they didn't understand farming

10m 57s technology as such they didn't understand different kinds of seeds Okay okay okay what happened was that where they came from the Fertile Crescent there rain happened in winter so they had wheat and barley seeds which would grow very well if you had winter rain but they moved to indust Valley where there is rain and Monsoon summer correct so their seeds didn't grow as well and they were struggling a little bit makes sense so what ended up happening is that they ended up with decent relations with the hunter gatherers and there was trade correct when their crops worked well they would give it to the hunter gatherers when not they would take stuff from hunter gatherers and things

11m 39s happened correct okay after a while they slowly figured out variants of those seeds which worked well in this Monsoon climate agriculture developed agriculture developed City started developing they had surplus of food they could use that for all kinds of things and over time they developed irri ation that's how we got the Indus Valley Civilization Mo Hara everything else oh are these the Arians that we spoke about at the beginning no okay but let's first understand the current situation okay okay inside India there are the ancient hunter gatherers right in the Northwest Indus Valley huh there is this new thing called the Indus Valley Civilization which consists of a mixture of Middle Eastern pre- farmer DNA and

12m 32s ancient hunter gatherer DNA remember there was trading and intermixing for many centuries here correct that's the current situation yeah okay Arians haven't arrived yet but before the Arians arrive huh something important happens okay what this indust Valley Civilization reached its peak around 2500 BC okay it flourished for the next 600 years and then suddenly starting around 1900 it began to decline why we don't know for sure okay we know that it wasn't a war it wasn't some sudden natural disaster okay we believe it was because Rivers dried up okay okay because of various geological action huh there was the gagar hakra river system here okay which just changed course and this whole civilization which depended

13m 30s on the rivers and irrigation of the rivers couldn't survive anymore and they started dying out uh-huh some of them of course started migrating into India okay is this or could this be the F sarasti river that disappeared during that time we are not sure but it could be okay because around that time there was a river system and there is evidence that it disappeared there are some mismatches there but it could be okay it could be sarasti the mystery continues yeah but now what's happening is that these Indus Valley people are moving into India okay okay remember that whenever they move to a new location they struggle initially because their crops and their systems are not adapted for that correct and

14m 21s because of that again they are trading and intermixing with the locals yeah at that time again the locals now are still the ancient hunter gatherers who are mixing with the Indus Valley people now okay the IND Indus Valley people being a mix of the Middle Eastern farmers and the ancient hunter gatherers from earlier correct after a while what begins to happen is that their agriculture technology starts working okay and they slowly become more and more prosperous correct this results in two things one is that the population explodes okay we have done an episode on why India is the most populous country it is related exactly to this yeah second thing is that some of them start

15m 09s migrating South okay okay and the same thing repeats whenever they migrate a little bit there's initial period of struggle there is some intermixing then they migrate further so a gradation gets set up in India from north to south gradation in terms of the DNA percentag is mixed so in the north it is much more Indus valy DNA and very little ancient hunter gatherers okay in the South there is more ancient hunter gatherer and less indust Valley correct corre if you look in terms of the original Middle Eastern pre farmer okay so in the north about 50 to 70% is that DNA okay and in the South about 30 to 40% is that DNA okay okay this we are going to call

15m 59s Ani and Asi ancestral North Indian and ancestral South Indian okay so these are sort of the ancestors of North and South India this is the situation in India from around 1800 BC to 1,000 BC right okay so this is the period of the indust valley civilization declining correct okay around 1600 BC step herders from Central Asia Eastern Europe they started moving south okay near Tajikistan they split one part went to Iran and became ancient Persians okay the other part came to India and these were the Arians oh but we are not going to use the word Arians because racist people took that word and they have completely changed the meaning of the word Arian yeah so

16m 48s we'll refer to them as step herders all right okay fair but these are the guys who came in with a language which was one of the ancestors of Sanskrit and they came in with religion which was one of the ancestors of the Vic religion okay okay but what the DNA evidence shows is that these guys came and they settled and they intermixed with the local populations huh which is thei and Asi okay but in a very interesting manner the DNA evidence shows that only the male DNA from Step herders is there in India today ah almost all the female DNA is from The ancestral hunter gatherers not even from the Middle Eastern preformers that's very

17m 37s interesting so first of all how do we know this okay our DNA actually is two different sets of DNA one is the regular DNA that you all know about and that half you get from your mother half you get from your father right but in the mitochondria there is mitochondrial DNA and 100% of it has come from your mother and she has gotten it from her mother and she has gotten it from her mother so you can trace a unbroken line back through all the mothers so mitochondria is not just the power of the cell it is also a record of all your ancestral DNA of sorts of female ancestral DNA right okay so what we know is that the Steppy

18m 20s herders probably came here without women and they started intermixing with local women not just that but looks like like at least some places they out competed the local men okay so their percentages increased okay and just like the indust valley people some of them slowly moved South but not a whole lot so again there is a gradation right in North India maximum 30% DNA is Step harder male DNA in South India it is as low as 10% there are a few tribals who have 0% step DNA okay so at this point North India is mostly Middle Eastern pre farer DNA with probably an equal amount of seep farmer and ancient Hunter gathered DNA mixed in

19m 12s so 40 30 30 is the breakup percentage there you go and South India is more of the Middle Eastern preformer DNA because at this point through the indis valley civilization and etc etc they've come in so it's mostly Middle Eastern pre-former DNA with uh uh another large part of uh ancient Hunter gather DNA but only a small part of the step Herer DNA mixing in yeah so actually it's 10% step Herer 40% uh Middle Eastern pre farer and 50% ancestral uh hunter gatherers ah okay ancestral not ancient sorry but uh then these are the dravidians that we speak about just checking yes okay by the way another thing to keep in mind is that the amount of DNA varies quite a lot by

20m 02s cast Okay Okay in North India huh if you look at the amount of Step Herer DNA different casts have different amounts and the maximum is in the brahmins and the bmars the casts which were traditionally in charge of Sanskrit and of the rituals of Puja and all of that okay and it reduces as you go over to the other casts it kind of makes sense when you realize that a lot of your initial rituals might have forbidden going out of your tribe and from the tribe casts were born kind of but it's very interesting to note that your DNA percentages are regulated by cast well that's a tricky question okay okay because two things H one is that up till

20m 58s about 100 AD okay so from 1300 BC for the next 14500 years there was lots of intermixing going on okay okay the DNA evidence they have looked at the ancient DNA and they have also looked at DNA of 70 different groups of modern Indians and they have done an analysis and what they found is that there was lots of intermix across all casts and jatis and whatever happening until about 100 AD and then it just kind of stopped and since 100 AD until Modern India there is very little intermixing across casts so DNA from 100 AD of a particular cast will be very similar to that same cast today because suddenly you became endogamous that is

21m 54s marrying within your cast yeah so another interesting finding related to our cast from DNA wow so from 100 AD till about 200 ad for about 1900 years we were endogamous we were only marrying within the cast and only in recent times this entire intercast marriage has sort of again allowed us to mix dnas very interesting we started about 65,000 years ago and we've just reached 2008 and probably 2024 so I think to summarize right Indians are mix of ancient hunter gatherers from 65,000 years ago from Africa Middle Eastern farmers who came 6,000 to 4,000 BC correct and step herders who came around 1800 BC right all Indians are a mix of all three correct okay there is nobody

22m 48s who's only step Herer or only Aran or whatever yeah all the languages are also a mix what the step herders brought in mixed with what the north Indians were doing mixed with what the South Indians were doing very likely that the ancient hunter gatherers in South India had an old language probably Proto Davidian and the Indus Valley languages mixed with that to form dravidian languages and then the step herders came in with the pre Sanskrit and that mixed with all of this to form Sanskrit and then those formed all the modern Indian languages right wow okay now suddenly the history of ancient India and India in modern times uh ties in very beautifully together but my first question Still

23m 40s Remains how do we now know for sure that this is a migration and not an invasion what part of this entire Theory or this entire research disproves The Invasion part we don't see evidence that should have been there if it was an invasion okay there are no no large numbers of massacred victims as would happen at the end of a war there is no large scale destruction of property what we see is more consistent with a gradual decline over centuries okay no sudden DNA changes when a foreign power comes in and takes over there is a sudden change in DNA but here everything was very gradual correct and because generally back in those days uh any foreign power

24m 24s coming in trying to invade would basically be committing genocide be LGE scale deaths and massacres and entire DNA line lineages wiped out correct another thing is no sudden changes in material culture like the pottery and the implements and the tools those also changed very gradually correct and no Sudden Change in languages right you know otherwise when muls came in suddenly you're switching over to Persian right but instead here there was just a very gradual change in languages so all of this points to it being a gradual change and second is if you look at the DNA evidence the so-called Arians the step herders ultimately were only like a small percent of the DNA correct right so two things to keep in mind

25m 17s right so that explains why it's not an invasion this entire episode just explained why it is not out of India and the Aran migration into India rather than invasion of India makes more sense a completely new outlook into the whole theory that we've been learning half and half since school and lots to think about lots to take home drop your thoughts in the comments for sure which I'm guessing you must be itching to do by now Shri Kant naven future IQ