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God vs Evolution - Who Created Humans? The Blind Watchmaker - FutureIQ

44,363 views Wait, is this logic right? • Feb 23, 2024
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Slog Reference: How Can Evolution Create Complex Intelligent Designs

Description

How evolution created humans and other complex life forms? Find out in this episode.
It is very difficult to fathom how evolution works and how a unicellular organism can turn into a complex living being like a Tiger or a Human. To help you learn the theory of evolution in an effective manner, we decided to go with an example of how an eye could have evolved from just a simple bacterium. Once you understand how a complex design can be formed by evolution by natural selection, you’ll be able to apply similar logic to explain other complex designs you find in nature.

More videos for you:
Diamonds are a scam: https://youtu.be/EjJ4GmcgukU
Opportunity cost: https://youtu.be/fgtiC6RkRwg

Books mentioned in the video:
The Blind Watchmaker: https://tapthe.link/BlindWMRichardDawkinsFIQD

Hope you enjoyed FutureIQ by Navin Kabra and Shrikant Joshi. Do hit us up on Twitter:
@ngkabra http://twitter.com/ngkabra
@shrikant https://twitter.com/shrikant

Listen it on the podcast provider of your choice: https://tapthe.link/FutureIQRSS
Watch other episodes of The FutureIQ podcast: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAppTB0r5_TaYueZ0adD42Wiw5X-wTE4v

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:22 The real question
01:16 The watchmaker analogy
03:10 Explaining the intermediate steps
06:10 From patch to the eye
12:03 Cornea
13:49 The time span
16:00 Why should I care?
17:00 The scope of evolution

#futureiq #evolution #theoryofevolution

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How Can Evolution Create Complex Intelligent Designs

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Transcript

if evolution is just random mutations and selection how can something as complex as an eye evolve if you really think about it carefully you might reach the conclusion that evolution is [ __ ] and that this was designed by somebody intelligently let us explain today how it can actually evolve think about it right it should I don't know how it makes sense that you know from monkeys we got man that kind of makes sense it's a gradual Improvement but what is it like from half an i you got 34 of an i and from 3/4 of an I that doesn't really make sense right first that's a very very disturbing image exactly and second how that's the
problem as in if you understand the theory of evolution yeah what has to happen is that there have to be a bunch of intermediate steps correct and each intermediate step should make sense for that organism it should be giving some evolutionary Advantage otherwise it'll disappear wait let's take this all the way back yeah it became an eye yeah but what was it in the beginning that's what I'm asking you it seems difficult right I can't actually think about it yes in fact huh um there is a famous argument from the 1800s by William P right this is in the days when people were wondering did God create the world or did it just happen randomly
and his argument is called the watchmaker analogy right let's say you're walking around okay on a new planet and you see rocks and you see water and things like that say yeah fine this can happen through Randomness and physics correct and then suddenly you stumble upon a watch huh and you open it up and you see the intricate mechanisms and you see how they all Connect into each other and you see how at the end It ultimately results in one thing going once per second another going once per minute another going once per hour and so on right you look at it and you say this can't be random there has to be a watch maker somewhere who's very
intelligent who's very talented and who made this yeah because the gears have to be fitting correctly interlocking and all William P thought that this is like a slam dunk argument in favor of saying that God created this world this is called the intelligent design argument okay okay even today there are lots of uh people who believe that Evolution the theory of evolution is [ __ ] it is not really true creationism and intelligent design is the answer instead correct but when you take the example of the eye suddenly intelligent design gets a lot more Credence I don't believe it exactly yeah this whole argument has come from a book called The Blind watch maker by Richard Dawkins okay okay
totally worth reading very interesting book which takes you step by step through the process of how all of Richard doin's books are definitely worth reading and I suggest you go and check them out blind watch maker definitely right um so let's try to understand step by step if you start with something like an amiba how do you end up with eyes good point because amias as we all know don't have eyes single cell organisms and suddenly one fine day it is not going to get a eye through random mutation right so what are the intermediate steps yeah because amiba is like a shapeless single cell organism which so now let's imagine that there are whole bunch of these blobs
which are organism the bigger ones eat the smaller ones correct okay so the smaller ones want to try to run away from the bigger ones but right now none of them have eyes or any other real sensors other than the skin correct these are multicell organism so you can call it a skin like the outer layer or outer covering Okay so how do they run away from predators when they bump into a predator then they try to run away as fast as they can correct they're blind Now One Fine Day you know that Evolution Works through random mutations in the genes okay okay one fine day one random mutation creates one little patch on the skin of this
organism which is sensitive to light o okay okay now there is this one organism or a small bunch of them which have one patch which is sensitive to light can you imagine this giving them evolutionary advantages yeah because if that uh light sensitive patch detects changes in light it means that there is something nearby which is causing that change in light which means they have to possibly run away because it could be a predator basically a predator blocks light casts a shadow on you and if this organism learns that whenever there's a change in sensation on this patch that means from light it has become dark you should run away in the opposite direction to
survive so greater chances of them surviving correct now this is like a minor Improvement okay like improves your chances of surviving by maybe .1% okay okay but imagine that there are millions of these organisms and there is this one which has a 0.1 chance of survival more more than the others more than the others you do this one generation later there are two of them two generations later there are like maybe three of them and so on exponential increase and after a certain point in time everybody has that correct patch because you know at some point half of them are this with the patch and the other half of without the patch and the ones with the patch keep surviving
more than the ones without the patch correct right so after like you know thousands of generation maybe hundreds of thousands of generations uh even a tiny Improvement in survivability can as long as it is also hereditary as in you can pass on the same gene to uh your Offspring it will spread throughout correct it will propagate so now you can imagine that most of these organisms have a patch correct right so now a patch of light sensitive skin has evolved correct okay okay now the next one is that through completely random mutation again what happens is that one of the organisms gets that patch of skin which is like shallow a little depression cup like a
no saucer okay saucer shape right now what happens as a result of this okay this particular organism now can't just tell that this side is dark but even a little further away right because it is acting like a con L concave lens it can tell that this direction oh so now it's not just light or dark it's also light or dark from which direction exactly oh right so earlier the one with just random patch if a shadow is coming from this side versus Shadow from this side doesn't know it's just a shadow run away it run away somewhere somewhere right now this one knows more precisely how to run away so it can run away and not just
run run exactly okay so now again this is you can imagine giving a 1% higher chance of surviving and like we explained before over multiple generation multiple probably thousands of generations this becomes the norm now everybody has a saucer shaped depressed patch of light okay now you can imagine the Next Mutation what happens is that the saucer shaped patch becomes deeper right because the deeper it is the more clear is your sense of direction of light right at some point it becomes deep enough that it becomes a cup shape right so now this cup shape is giving you exact precise Direction so in fact it the Predator doesn't even have to be near you just from far away you
know there is a predator and you don't you don't even have to run away you can just walk away yeah when it becomes basically a cup shape I I'm begin to think of the pinhole camera from my days in physics but I have I have a different question yeah why does the concave shape progressively become a cup shape and not turn into like a convex shape like why doesn't any other mutation occur well all the time other mutations are occurring okay right but two things right 90% of the mutations that occur like this are just so bad that the organism isn't even born oh the survivability yes I mean first of all forget survivability I mean you have a
mutation which doesn't even allow you to reach birth stage right you just die okay most I mean if I take a program M and I randomly flip some bits in the program it won't run correct but one in a million time flipping that random bit can change the behavior of the program ooh Mario right something like that so 90% of the time the organism just dies yeah now some percent of the remaining time you have an organism which is born and which lives but that mutation makes your survivability worse okay right so like the convex instead of the concave correct right or in your case if you are born with a limp right you live but makes life harder makes
life harder right in a tiny tiny fraction of and oh lots of the mutations make no difference to you right like you have a patch on your skin or you have a sixth thumb exactly exactly it makes no difference to your survivability it's neutral okay in a tiny tiny tiny fraction of the cases you get a mutation which actually improves your survivability oh so mutations are happening all the time the M of them that's the magic of evolution the 99.999% of mutations which are useless or neutral they will die out they will die out but that one one one rare mutation which improves things stays around and it slowly takes over the entire population okay this helps
because so far what what we've been conditioned to understand is evolution is anthropomorphized like this mutation happens and therefore it changes your quality of life therefore this propagates but no it's not that there are different mutations happening all the time the mutations that are helpful and conducive to surviv survivability of us as a species will stay and the other mutations will die off exactly okay right now we have a cup shaped eye not eye sorry cup shaped patch of skin which detects light and directions of the light now Next Mutation is that the opening of the cup Narrows pinhole camera that's how you get a pinhole camera so now instead of just seeing direction of light what happens is that
on the back side where we have the light sensitive skin it can actually tell it gets a im formed image is formed of that side so it can tell that there is a dark patch here A Light patch here another dark patch here so in fact it can tell what is going on there so this significantly improves survivability in fact you can use it not just to run away from predators you can use it to go find prey yeah right because now you can tell you can tell the size yeah because a bigger Predator is going to form a big patch a smaller thing is going to form a small patch and you say big run away
small go eat correct run towards and run away you have a c ship you have the beginning of an ie here correct yeah now Next Mutation is that there is a layer for layer of skin on the covering eyelid first actually what you get is like a layer many many times you would have had a layer which is opaque so which makes the entire eye useless like you can imagine a baby being born with closed eyes right and those die out but once sometime there is a mutation heartless he can be sometimes but yeah you get a patch a covering here which is transparent oh the lens no it's not a lens yet it's just a covering the what C kind of
transparent covering transparent covering okay right so cornea cornea yeah that's a transparent covering what is the advantage of a transparent covering uh it prevents dust from going exactly you have this cup shaped thing a small opening and some dust goes inside or gets stuck here go on your eye is useless now correct because everything looks like a blob everything looks like a patch yeah okay so I yeah that so now this covering is protecting your eye so this is going to and then you get another covering to protect the covering that is protecting your eye and then optic nerves involve no no no no wait simple the covering I'm so excited to get to the final eye man the covering
Next Mutation is that the covering thickness changes therefore the lens and various it goes to various different possibilities of thicknesses some of them are useful some of them are not use ful but over time you get a lens which forms a much more precise uh image on the light sensitive skin by the way that is the retina now we have a retina we have a cornea now we have an ey lens very soon we are going to get an eyelid right you can see two things that stand out to me is one it took like many thousands of generations to go from one single light sensitive patch on what the what we call the skin and for it to
become like the rudimentary eye not even like a proper eye we are not even talking optic nerves we are not even talking the brain and we not even talking about seeing it yes and that is how it actually worked right uh the Earth is 4 and half billion years old I think life probably occurred three and a half billion years ago for the first two billion years there were all unicellular animals or something like that so for many billion years the progress was very slow correct okay in fact most of these things came in the last few hundred million years well billion years right and humans are there only for 100,000 years one lakh years okay so problem is that humans
just can't imagine fathom the amount of time involved and the number of generations that have gone through this is why we think of it as well if I was doing it how long will it take me right yeah but that's not how it works and that is why we find it difficult to imagine that a random process with selection of the fittest can result in something so complex and that's the other thing I was talking about when I said two things the other thing is this Evolution was uh a result of one thing and one thing only hunger of course everything is about food either not becoming food or going to look for food well actually it was
about sex but the food is needed for that so yeah okay then we'll get to that also very interesting uh but uh that also explains why a watch cannot evolve on that planet well yeah I mean none of us have watches inbuilt right we do have like an internal watch built uh in our brains but not exactly the simplified version not the gears and what but remind me again why should I care about this at all like why am I discussing evolution of the human ey with you yes so understanding Evolution yeah is a superpower okay okay that helps explain so much of the world around us okay whenever you see behavior that seems stupid or pointless if you ask why and
why and why again you will see that there is a reason there based on Evolution ah another important thing is that Evolution applies not just to animals and organisms it applies to uh tribes it applies to countries it applies to societies it applies to Concepts it applies to religions all of them have evolved that's a pretty broad scope of things you've just mentioned I can you know have a 100 episodes just talking about how Evolution explains this how Evolution explains I might actually take you up on that and get you to talk about everything can explain by Evolution right why on a bumble the dating site why are women more selective than men coming up in the next episode
why on Bumble women are more selective than men why explained by the theory of evolution yes why are diamonds so expensive when from the laws of supply and demand they should actually be less than you know uh Sapphires and next two videos are going to be about our next two episodes are going to be about one Bumble and two diamonds so in case you're planning to get engaged with someone you don't know then make sure that you subscribe to the channel and watch out for these videos episodes but you know what you explained the evolution of the eye and the thought suddenly occurred to me why did we stop at the visible range of wavelength which
is basically like 3,000 angstroms yes why not why can't we see the entire Spectrum of electromagnetic light we have done an episode on opportunity cost okay you have to ask yourself this that everything that evolves you know gives you some Powers but also takes away something right everything needs energy everything needs surface area everything needs your body to put an effort in creating it and maintaining it in protecting it right so Evolution never almost never will evolves something that is useless or at least the ROI needs to be there right and here you can pretty much see things for humans just this spectrum is good enough to survive right of course also I just I
just realized after after saying it out loud that radio waves are actually meter length waves and for a meter length wave to be detected you need that size of a yeah there are other animals who have other senses right Birds can sense the magnetism magnetic fields of Earth and use that to go from uh you know Africa to Europe uh pretty much a straight line too I mean humans can hear just from around 200 Herz to uh 20,000 Hertz the hearing dogs can hear much higher right so U we have only three colors three primary colors that we understand in our eyes as far as I know praying mantis has seven primary colors they understand so the world must
be looking so insanely colorful to them I'm so I'm missing out on so many colors I have for more suddenly but um yeah I wow this is fascinating but um I'm really looking forward to the next episode on why women are more selective and Bumble than men and let's stick to the past we have done an episode on how various behaviors that don't make sense can be explained by the theory of evolution check that out coming up right now is uh how is what he said so yeah that's practice for you to understand how to apply the theory of evolution in day-to-day life there we go see you bye